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The Eyjafjallajökull volcano erupted in , and again from to when it caused a glacial lake outburst flood or jökulhlaup.
It erupted three times in —on 20 March, April—May, and June. The March event forced a brief evacuation of around local people,but the 14 April eruption was ten to twenty times more powerful and caused substantial disruption to air traffic across Europe.
It caused the cancellation of thousands of flights across Europe and to Iceland. The eruption was only 3 on the volcanic explosivity index VEI.
Around 15 eruptions on this scale usually happen each year in Iceland. However, in this case a combination of a settled weather pattern with winds blowing towards Europe, very fine ash and a persistent eruption lasting 39 days magnified the impact of a relatively ordinary event.
The eruptions in March were mainly lava eruptions. On April 14th a new phase began which was much more explosive.
Violent eruptions belched huge quantities of ash into the atmosphere. Primary effects: As the result of the eruption day turned to night with the ash blocking out the sun, rescuers wore face masks to prevent them choking on the clouds of ash.
Homes and roads were damaged and services disrupted, crops were destroyed by ash and roads washed away.
The ash cloud brought European airspace to a standstill during the latter half of April , and cost billions of euros in delays.
The price of shares in major airlines dropped between 2. However, it should be noted that on the trade front, both imports and exports are being impacted across countries in Europe so the net trade position were not affected markedly overall.
Secondary effects: Sporting events were cancelled or affected due to cancelled flights. Fresh food imports stopped and industries were affected by a lack of imported raw materials.
Local water supplies were contaminated with fluoride. Flooding was caused as the glacier melted. International Effects: The impact was felt as far afield as Kenya, where farmers have laid off workers after flowers and vegetables were left rotting at airports.
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The eruption of Eyjafjallajökull. You know the one! The towering glacier-capped strato volcano Eyjafjallajokull is probably the most famous volcano in the world today.
Eyjafjallajökull the volcano with the name that no one outside Iceland seem to be able to pronounce. Have you tried it?
Can you say Eyjafjallajokull three times really fast? The volcano has erupted relatively frequently since the last glacial period, most recently in Eyjafjallajokull consists of a volcano which is completely covered by an ice cap.
The ice cap covers an area of about square kilometres 39 sq mi and it has many outlet glaciers. The main outlet glaciers are to the north: Gigjokull that flows into Lonid, and Steinholtsjokull which flows into Steinholtslon.
The mountain itself stands 1, metres 5, ft at its highest point. It has a crater 3—4 kilometres 1. On April 14th, , after a brief intermission, the volcano resumed erupting from the top crater in the center of the glacier.
The renewed eruption caused massive flooding, which required an evacuation of people. This second eruption threw volcanic ash several kilometers up in the atmosphere.
The ash plume could be seen from miles away. That led to air traffic disruption in North-West Europe. The disruption lasted for six days, from April 15th to April 21st, that stranded thousands of travelers.
It happened again in May, which resulted in the closure of airspace over many parts of Europe. The eruption also created electrical storms.
The volcano continued to have several earthquakes daily, with volcanologists watching the mountain closely. As of August , Eyjafjallajökull was dormant.
You can also see a part of the ice cap is still covered in ash, though that is slowly disappearing under layers of snow. Perhaps you would like to go on a snowmobile tour on the ice cap and see the crater, which also offers you a great view of southern part of Iceland.
Eyjafjallajokull is a strato volcano. It is a conical volcano built by many layers of hardened lava, tephra, pumice and volcanic ash.
Strata volcanoes are among the most common volcanoes. Due to the glacier on top of Eyjafjallajokull eruptions are explosive and contain much ash.
A large magma chamber under the mountain feeds Eyjafjallajokull. The chamber derives magma from the tectonic divergence of the Mid-Atlantic ridge.
The volcano is a part of the chain of volcanoes that stretch across Iceland, including volcanoes like Hekla, Katla and Grimsvotn.
Eyjafjallajökull Video
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